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情态动词是什么

作者:王书远
2020-02-23
信息

情态动词是什么

一、情态动词有哪些

在英语中主要的情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, need , ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) 。

情态动词的特征:

(1)情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完成,因此不能单独作谓语,只能和其他的动词原形一起构成谓语。

(2)情态动词后接的动词不定式一律不带to。

(3)情态支词不随人称变化而变(即不管是何人称,后面接的情态动词都一样)。

(4)含有情态动词的否定都是由“情态动词+not”构成的,如:can-can not may-may not need-need not

(5)含有情态动词的疑问句的构成

May I come in?我可以进来吗?

Can you lend me some money?你能借给我一些钱吗?

注意:含有have to 的句子变成疑问句时不同。如:

I have to go today,今天我必须走,

Do you have to go today?你今天必须走吗?

扩展资料

1、情态动词具有助动词作用,可以用来构成否定句,疑问句及用于简单回答。

Can you sing English songs? 你会唱英语歌吗?

Yes ,I can. 是的,我会。

2、后接动词原形,接不带to的不定式。

She may lose her way. 她可能迷路了。

3、无人称和数的变化。

We must stay here. 我们必须待在这儿。

He must stay here. 他必须待在这儿。

4、有一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。(后面加动词原形)

5、在以Could引导的表示委婉语气的疑问句,常用来表示请求别人帮助或对长辈的请求的。

如:(Could you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?)注意:这里不是情态动词的用法。回答为:肯定:Yes,I can./Sure./Certainly. 否定:Sorry,I am afraid not.

(在作否定回答时,要注意:在拒绝长辈的请求时,不能用can not,这样显得语气太过生硬,不礼貌。但是在长辈拒绝晚辈的请求是可以用can not的。)

二、情态动词是什么意思

情态动词有:

can, could, may, might, ought to, have to, need, shall, should, will, would, dare

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I'll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

---Can I go now?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I'm afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can't be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't

或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn't.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn't. )

用May I。?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I。?在口语中更常见。

三、情态动词后面+todo/doing能举些例子吗~

情态动词的用法归纳情态动词的用法归纳情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等. 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can, could1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能).Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替.Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态.I'll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can.如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求和允许.-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 此时可与may互换.在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中.---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I'm afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力).They've changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中.Can this be true?This can't be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1) 表示请求和允许.might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式.否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”.----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn't.---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?---- Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn't. )用May I。

?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I。?在口语中更常见.2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿.May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句).might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小.1.He may /might be very busy now.2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1) 表示必须、必要.You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn't, don't have to(不必).---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?---- Yes, you must.---- No, you don't have to / you needn't.2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要.Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式.1. he play isn't interesting, I really must go now.2. I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1. You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared.1. How dare you say I'm unfair?2. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn't get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句.在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替.1.You needn't come so early.2. ---- Need I finish the work today?---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化.在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式.在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式.而need后面只能接带to的不定式.1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn't dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.五、shall, should1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见.What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁.1. You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告)2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威胁)六、will, would1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉.Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心.1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向.would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义.1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示估计和猜想.It would be about ten o'clock when she left home.七、should, ought to1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重.1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令.should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should.1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?3) 表示推测should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测).1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)八、情态动词+不定式完成式(have 。

四、英语的情态动词有哪些

情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗? Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗? You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧。

He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么? How dare you treat us like that! 你怎能那样对待我们! 情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。

个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。

We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。

情态动词的用法: can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及 客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗 ? Could you help me, please? 请问,你能帮助我吗? What can you do? 你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握吗? can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去. May I come in? 我可以进来吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服. He said he might lend us some money. 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。

may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't. might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式,一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。 He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。 Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 I must finish my work today. 我今天必须完成我的工作。

You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗? After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。

He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。

He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了。 It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了,我们一定又迟到了。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。

(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天参加会议吗? You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。

Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗? She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

You needn't have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗? He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。 ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to 。

五、情态动词有哪些

[编辑本段]定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与普通动词一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等. 情态动词后面加动词原形.[编辑本段]分类: 情态动词有四类: ①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to[编辑本段]位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前. I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你,过来吧. He must have been away. 他一定走了. What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗? How dare you treat us like that! 你怎能那样对待我们![编辑本段]特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not". 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来.情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态. He could be here soon. 他很快就来. We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子. I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你. 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经) 除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征: 1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式.如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式: We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一: They need not have been punished so severely. 3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式: She dare not say what she thinks. 4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词: Still, she needn't have run away. 5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志.在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间: Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用: You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.[编辑本段]用法 首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢). 用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形 例句:I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话. 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语. We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿. May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗? Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗? You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规. 情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.[编辑本段]功能 助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary).基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能: 1) 构成否定式: He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式: Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3) 构成修辞倒装: Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4) 代替限定动词词组: A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.[编辑本段]can和could的用法 1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许.如: Can you finish this work tonight? Man cannot live without air. — Can I go now? — Yes, you can. 注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中).如: Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. (否定答语可用No, I'm afraid not.) ②。

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